As seen on a monitor in the studio, JD Vance and Tim Walz take part in the vice presidential debate.

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Matt Rourke/AP

This story first appeared in the NPR Network’s live blog of the 2024 vice presidential debate between JD Vance and Tim Walz. For the latest on the campaign, head to NPR’s Elections page.

In Tuesday’s vice presidential debate, Republican Sen. JD Vance refused to answer when asked directly if former President Donald Trump lost the 2020 election, and sidestepped other questions about election integrity.

Moderators asked Vance if he would, as vice president, “seek to challenge this year’s election results, even if every governor certifies the results.” They also asked about his past remarks on the 2020 election, particularly what he has said about asking states to “submit alternative electors” before certifying the election.

Vance dodged the questions, though, and said that he was “focused on the future” and that “censorship” was a bigger threat to democracy.

When Walz re-upped the matter, asking Vance, “Did Trump lose the 2020 election?” Vance replied that he was “focused on the future.”

Walz called the response “a damning non answer.”

As recently as this year, Vance told ABC News that he if he was vice president in 2020 he would not have certified the election like former Vice President Mike Pence did in 2021.

“If I had been vice president, I would have told the states, like Pennsylvania, Georgia and so many others, that we needed to have multiple slates of electors, and I think the U.S. Congress should have fought over it from there,” Vance said. “That is the legitimate way to deal with an election that a lot of folks, including me, think had a lot of problems in 2020. I think that’s what we should have done.”

The discussion over electors was a key controversy during the Trump campaign’s broader scheme to overturn the results of the 2020 election. That scheme resulted in several criminal investigations.

To be clear, there is nothing in the Constitution that empowers a vice president to force states to have multiple slates of electors. According to legal experts, it is up to states to decide that. And in the case of the 2020 election, there was no reason for states to consider multiple slates of electors.

And lastly, a vice president’s role during certification is largely ceremonial. According to the Brennen Center for Justice, federal law “clarifies what was already evident to most legal observers: the vice president’s role in the joint session is limited to ‘ministerial duties,’ and she or he does not have the authority to determine the validity of electoral votes or otherwise ‘adjudicate or resolve disputes.’”

Watch NPR’s post-debate analysis, with Asma Khalid, Susan Davis, Tamara Keith and Stephen Fowler.